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Artificial Neural Network Based Optimization of a Six-step Two-bed Pressure Swing Adsorption System for Hydrogen Purification
Apr 2021
Publication
The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system is widely applied to separate and purify hydrogen from gaseous mixtures. The extended Langmuir equation fitted from the extended Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm has been used to predict the adsorption isothermal of hydrogen and methane on the zeolite 5A adsorbent bed. A six-step two-bed PSA model for hydrogen purification is developed and validated by comparing its simulation results with other w Read More
Impact of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends on Partially Premixed Combustion Equipment: NOx Emission and Operational Performance
Feb 2022
Publication
Several North American utilities are planning to blend hydrogen into gas grids as a short‐ term way of addressing the scalable demand for hydrogen and as a long‐term decarbonization strat‐ egy for ‘difficult‐to‐electrify’ end uses. This study documents the impact of 0–30% hydrogen blends by volume on the performance emissions and safety of unadjusted equipment in a simulated use environment focusing on prevalent partially premixed combustion Read More
From Post-Combustion Carbon Capture to Sorption-Enhanced Hydrogen Production: A State-of-the-Art Review of Carbonate Looping Process Feasibility
Oct 2018
Publication
Carbon capture and storage is expected to play a pivotal role in achieving the emission reduction targets established by the Paris Agreement. However the most mature technologies have been shown to reduce the net efficiency of fossil fuel-fired power plants by at least 7% points increasing the electricity cost. Carbonate looping is a technology that may reduce these efficiency and economic penalties. Its maturity has increased significantly over the past Read More
Reliable Off-grid Power Supply Utilizing Green Hydrogen
Jun 2021
Publication
Green hydrogen produced from wind solar or hydro power is a suitable electricity storage medium. Hydrogen is typically employed as mid- to long-term energy storage whereas batteries cover short-term energy storage. Green hydrogen can be produced by any available electrolyser technology [alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC) polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) anion exchange membrane (AEM) solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)] if the electrolysi Read More
Decarbonization of Cement Production in a Hydrogen Economy
Apr 2022
Publication
The transition to net-zero emission energy systems creates synergistic opportunities across sectors. For example fuel hydrogen production from water electrolysis generates by-product oxygen that could be used to reduce the cost of carbon capture and storage (CCS) essential in the decarbonization of clinker production in cement making. To assess this opportunity a techno-economic assessment was carried out for the production of clinker using Read More
At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?
Apr 2020
Publication
The results of a techno-economic model of distributed wind-hydrogen systems (WHS) located at each existing wind farm on the island of Ireland are presented in this paper. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis from wind energy and backed up by grid electricity compressed before temporarily stored then transported to the nearest injection location on the natural gas network. The model employs a novel correlation-based approach to se Read More
Testing Programme for Hydrogen Tolerance Tests of Domestic and Commercial Natural Gas Appliances
Jan 2021
Publication
The THyGA project (‘Testing Hydrogen admixture for Gas Applications’) focusses on technical aspects and the regulatory framework concerning the potential operation of domestic and commercial end-user appliances with hydrogen / natural gas blends.The core of the project is a broad experimental campaign with the aim to conduct up to 100 hydrogen tolerance tests. In addition the technical status quo and present knowledge about hydrogen impact on do Read More
Moving Gas Turbine Package from Conventional Gas to Hydrogen Blend
Sep 2021
Publication
The current greatest challenge that all gas turbine manufactures and users have in front of them for the years to come is the energy transition while reducing CO2 footprint and to contrast climate change. To this aim the introduction of hydrogen as fuel gas (or its blend) is playing a very important role. The benefit from an environmental point of view is undisputed but the presence of hydrogen introduces a series of safety related aspects to be consid Read More
Different Scenarios of Electric Mobility: Current Situation and Possible Future Developments of Fuel Cell Vehicles in Italy
Jan 2020
Publication
The diffusion of electric vehicles in Italy has started but some complications weight its spread. At present hybrid technology is the most followed by users due particularly to socioeconomic factors such as cost of investment and range anxiety. After a deep discussion of the Italian scenario the aim of the paper is to recognize whether fuel cell technology may be an enabling solution to overcome pollution problems and respect for the environment. The opportu Read More
Polymer–Ceramic Composite Membranes for Water Removal in Membrane Reactors
Jun 2021
Publication
Methanol can be obtained through CO2 hydrogenation in a membrane reactor with higher yield or lower pressure than in a conventional packed bed reactor. In this study we explore a new kind of membrane with the potential suitability for such membrane reactors. Silicone–ceramic composite membranes are synthetized and characterized for their capability to selectively remove water from a mixture containing hydrogen CO2 and water at temperature Read More
Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries
Mar 2019
Publication
To achieve a vehicle-efficient energy management system an architecture composed of a PEM fuel cell as the main energy source and a hybrid storage system based on battery banks and supercapacitors is proposed. This paper introduces a methodology for the optimal component sizing aiming at minimizing the total cost achieving a cheaper system that can achieve the requirements of the speed profiles. The chosen vehicle is an urban transport bus w Read More
Simulation of Coupled Power and Gas Systems with Hydrogen-Enriched Natural Gas
Nov 2021
Publication
Due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources in the electrical network the focus on decarbonization has extended into other energy sectors. The gas sector is of special interest because it can offer seasonal storage capacity and additional flexibility to the electricity sector. In this paper we present a new simulation method designed for hydrogen-enriched natural gas network simulation. It can handle different gas compositions and is thus able to ac Read More
Safety Standard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems Guidelines for Hydrogen System Design, Materials Selection, Operations, Storage and Transportation
Jan 1997
Publication
The NASA Safety Standard which establishes a uniform process for hydrogen system design materials selection operation storage and transportation is presented. The guidelines include suggestions for safely storing handling and using hydrogen in gaseous (GH2) liquid (LH2) or slush (SLH2) form whether used as a propellant or non-propellant. The handbook contains 9 chapters detailing properties and hazards facility design design of components materi Read More
Enhancing Energy Recovery in Form of Biogas, from Vegetable and Fruit Wholesale Markets By-Products and Wastes, with Pretreatments
Jun 2021
Publication
Residues and by-products from vegetables and fruit wholesale markets are suitable for recovery in the form of energy through anaerobic digestion allowing waste recovery and introducing them into the circular economy. This suitability is due to their composition structural characteristics and to the biogas generation process which is stable and without inhibition. However it has been observed that the proportion of methane and the level of degradati Read More
Enhanced Hydrogen Generation Efficiency of Methanol using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Methodology and Conducting Sea Water as an Electrode
Aug 2020
Publication
In this work methanol decomposition method has been discussed for the production of hydrogen gas with the application of plasma. A simple dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor was designed for this purpose with two types of electrode. The DBD plasma reactor was experimented by substituting one of the metal electrodes with feebly conducting sea water which yielded better efficiency in producing hydrogen gas. Experimental parameters Read More
The Role of the Argon and Helium Bath Gases on the Detonation Structure of H2/)2 Mixture
Sep 2021
Publication
Recent modeling efforts of non-equilibrium effects in detonations have suggested that hydrogen-based detonations may be affected by vibrational non-equilibrium of the hydrogen and oxygen molecules effects which could explain discrepancies of cell sizes measured experimentally and calculated without relaxation effects. The present study addresses the role of vibrational relaxation in 2H2/O2 detonations by considering two-bath gases argon and Read More
Optimization of Geothermal- and Solar-driven Clean Electricity and Hydrogen Production Multi-generation Systems to Address the Energy Nexus
Jan 2022
Publication
Given the limited sources of fossil fuels mankind should find new ways to meet its energy demands. In this regard geothermal and solar energy are acknowledged as reliable safe promising and clean means for this purpose. In this research study a comparative analysis is applied on geothermal and solar-driven multi-generation systems for clean electricity and hydrogen production through energy and exergy assessments. The system consists of an Read More
Scenario-Based Techno-Economic Analysis of Steam Methane Reforming Process for Hydrogen Production
Jun 2021
Publication
Steam methane reforming (SMR) process is regarded as a viable option to satisfy the growing demand for hydrogen mainly because of its capability for the mass production of hydrogen and the maturity of the technology. In this study an economically optimal process configuration of SMR is proposed by investigating six scenarios with different design and operating conditions including CO2 emission permits and CO2 capture and sale. Of the six sce Read More
Metal‐Supported Biochar Catalysts for Sustainable Biorefinery, Electrocatalysis and Energy Storage Applications: A Review
Feb 2022
Publication
Biochar (BCH) is a carbon‐based bio‐material produced from thermochemical conversion of biomass. Several activation or functionalization methods are usually used to improve physicochemical and functional properties of BCHs. In the context of green and sustainable future development activated and functionalized biochars with abundant surface functional groups and large surface area can act as effective catalysts or catalyst supports for che Read More
Hollow CdS-Based Photocatalysts
Oct 2020
Publication
In recent years photocatalytic technology driven by solar energy has been extensively investigated to ease energy crisis and environmental pollution. Nevertheless efficiency and stability of photocatalysts are still unsatisfactory. To address these issues design of advanced photocatalysts is important. Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanomaterials are one of the promising photocatalysts. Among them hollow-structured CdS featured with enhanced light Read More
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