Publications

With future regulations on the horizon port authorities and ship owners/operators are looking at alternative propulsion solutions to reduce emission. Fuel cell technology provides an attractive zeroemission solution to generate electric power on board using hydrogen as a fuel. Fuel cell systems are scalable from 200kW to multi-MW providing high efficiency dispatchable clean quiet power generation. Several innovative pilot projects are on the way to demo Read More

This paper discusses the optimal control of pressure using the zero-gradient control (ZGC) approach. It is applied for the first time in the study to control the optimal pressure of hydrogen natural gas mixture in an inclined pipeline. The solution to the flow problem is first validated with existing results using the Taylor series approximation regression analysis and the Runge-Kutta method combined. The optimal pressure is then determined using ZGC wher Read More

Hydrogen is seen as an important future energy carrier as part of the move away from traditional hydrocarbon sources. Delayed ignition of a hydrogen-air mixture formed from an accidental release of hydrogen in either a confined or congested environment can lead to the generation of overpressure impacting both people and assets. An understanding of the possible overpressures generated is critical in designing facilities and effective mitigation systems Read More

Hydrogen is a carbon-free fuel that can be produced in many ways starting from different sources. Its use as a fuel in internal combustion engines could be a method of significantly reducing their environmental impact. In spark-ignition (SI) engines lean hydrogen–air mixtures can be burnt. When a gaseous fuel like hydrogen is port-injected in an SI engine working with lean mixtures supercharging becomes very useful in order not to excessively penalize the e Read More

In 2021 only 6 hydrogen fuelling station have been built in Italy of which 3 are not operational and only 1 is open to the public while the rest are built in private or industrial areas. While fuelling station which store more than 5000 kg of hydrogen are subjected to the “Seveso Directive” the permitting procedure for refuelling station which store less than the threshold is supervised by the fire brigade command of the province where the station is Read More

Hydrogen is a crucial raw materials to other industries. Globally nearly 90% of the hydrogen or HyCO gas produced is consumed by the ammonia methanol and oil refining industries. In the future hydrogen could play an important role in the decarbonisation of transport fuel (i.e. use of fuel cell vehicles) and space heating (i.e. industrial commercial building and residential heating). This paper summarizes the results of the feasibility study carried out by Amec Read More

The decarbonisation of waterborne transport is arguably the biggest challenge faced by the maritime industry presently. By 2050 the International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the shipping industry by 50% compared to 2008 with a vision to phase out fossil fuels by the end of the century as a matter of urgency. To meet such targets action must be taken immediately to address the barriers to adopt the variou Read More

Meeting the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to well below 2 °C and pursuing efforts towards 1.5 °C is likely to require more rapid and fundamental energy system changes than the previously-agreed 2 °C target. Here we assess over 200 integrated assessment model scenarios which achieve 2 °C and well-below 2 °C targets drawn from the IPCC's fifth assessment report database combined with a set of 1.5 °C scenarios produced in rec Read More

Green hydrogen will be an essential part of the future 100% sustainable energy and industry system. Up to one-third of the required solar and wind electricity would eventually be used for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen increasing the cumulative electrolyzer capacity to about 17 TWel by 2050. The key method applied in this research is a learning curve approach for the key technologies i.e. solar photovoltaics (PV) and water electrolyzers and leve Read More

Hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology are critical clean energy roads to pursue carbon neutrality. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has a wide range of commercial application prospects due to its simple structure easy portability and quick start-up. However the cost and durability of the PEMFC system are the main barriers to commercial applications of fuel cell vehicles. In this paper the core hydrogen recirculation components of Read More