United States

The hazard associated with flame acceleration to supersonic speeds in hydrogen mixtures is discussed. A set of approximate models for evaluation of the run-up distances to supersonic flames in relatively smooth tubes and tubes with obstacles is presented. The model for smooth tubes is based on general relationships between the flame area turbulent burning velocity and the flame speed combined with an approximate description for the boundary Read More

The International Energy Agency’s Hydrogen Implementing Agreement (www.ieahia.org) initiated a collaborative task on hydrogen safety in 1994 and this has proved to an effective method of pooling expert knowledge to address the most significant problems associated with the barriers to the commercial adoption of hydrogen energy. Presently there are approximately 10 countries participating in the task and it has proven a valuable method of efficiently co Read More

The hourly operation of Thermal Hydrogen electricity markets is modelled. The economic values for all applicable chemical commodities are quantified (syngas ammonia methanol and oxygen) and an hourly electricity model is constructed to mimic the dispatch of key technologies: bi-directional power plants dual-fuel heating systems and plug-in fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles. The operation of key technologies determines hourly electricity prices and a Read More

Hydrogen has potential applications that require larger-scale storage use and handling systems than currently are employed in emerging-market fuel cell applications. These potential applications include hydrogen generation and storage systems that would support electrical grid systems. There has been extensive work evaluating regulations codes and standards (RCS) for the emerging fuel cell market such as the infrastructure required to support f Read More

This report summarizes the work conducted under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-FC36-04GO14285 by Mercedes-Benz & Research Development North America (MBRDNA) Chrysler Daimler Mercedes Benz USA (MBUSA) BP DTE Energy and NextEnergy to validate fuel cell technologies for infrastructure transportation as well as assess technology and commercial readiness for the market. The Mercedes Team together with its partner Read More

The permanent introduction of green hydrogen into the energy economy would require that a discriminating selection be made of its use in the sectors where its value is optimal in terms of relative cost and life cycle reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently hydrogen can be used as an energy storage medium when intermittent wind and solar power exceed certain penetration in the grid likely above 40% and in road transportation right Read More

The European Union set a 2050 decarbonization target in the Paris Agreement to reduce carbon emissions by 90–95% relative to 1990 emission levels. The path toward achieving those deep decarbonization targets can take various shapes but will surely include a portfolio of economy-wide low-carbon energy technologies/options. The growth of the intermittent renewable power sources in the grid mix has helped reduce the carbon footprint of the electr Read More

In the field of energy storage recently investigated nanocomposites show promise in terms of high hydrogen uptake and release with enhancement in the reaction kinetics. Among several carbonaceous nanovariants like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fullerenes and graphitic nanofibers reveal reversible hydrogen sorption characteristics at 77 K due to their van der Waals interaction. The spillover mechanism combining Pd nanoparticles on the host metal-org Read More

Globally the accelerating use of renewable energy sources enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production storage distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen as a clean efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review by experts of Task 32 “Hydrogen-based Energy Read More

The NASA Safety Standard which establishes a uniform process for hydrogen system design materials selection operation storage and transportation is presented. The guidelines include suggestions for safely storing handling and using hydrogen in gaseous (GH2) liquid (LH2) or slush (SLH2) form whether used as a propellant or non-propellant. The handbook contains 9 chapters detailing properties and hazards facility design design of components materi Read More