Japan
Hazid for CO2-free Hydrogen Supply Chain Feed (Front End Engineering Design)
Oct 2015
Publication
We at Kawasaki have proposed a “CO2 free H2 chain” using the abundant brown coal of Australia as a hydrogen source. We developed the basic design package and finished the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) in 2014. There are not only the hazards of the processing plant system but also the characteristic hazards of a hydrogen plant system. We considered and carried out Hazard Identification (HAZID) as the most appropriate approac Read More
Comparison of Liquid Hydrogen, Methylcyclohexane and Ammonia on Energy Efficiency and Economy
Mar 2019
Publication
Among several candidates of hydrogen storage liquid hydrogen methylcyclohexane (MCH) and ammonia are considered as potential hydrogen carriers in terms of their characteristics application feasibility and economic performance. In addition as a main motor in the hydrogen introduction Japan has focused and summarized the storage methods for hydrogen into these three methods. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages compared to eac Read More
Hydrogen Fast Filling to a Type IV Tank Developed for Motorcycles
Oct 2015
Publication
If Hydrogen is expected to be highly valuable some improvements should be conducted mainly regarding the storage safety. To prevent from high pressure hydrogen composite tanks bursting the comprehension of the thermo-mechanics phenomena in the case of fire should be improved. To understand the kinetic of strength loss the heat flux produced by fire of various intensities should be assessed. This is the objective of this real scale experimental Read More
Hazard Identification Study for Risk Assessment of a Hybrid Gasoline-hydrogen Fueling Station with an Onsite Hydrogen Production System Using Organic Hydride
Oct 2015
Publication
Hydrogen infrastructures are important for the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen storage and transportation are significant topics because it is difficult to safely and effectively treat large amounts of hydrogen because of hydrogen hazards. An organic chemical hydride method keeps and provides hydrogen using hydrogenation and dehydrogenation chemical reactions with aromatic compounds. This method has advantages in that the conve Read More
Threshold Stress Intensity Factor for Hydrogen Assisted Cracking of Cr-Mo Steel Used as Stationary Storage Buffer of a Hydrogen Refueling Station
Oct 2015
Publication
In order to determine appropriate value for threshold stress intensity factor for hydrogen-assisted cracking (KIH) constant-displacement and rising-load tests were conducted in high-pressure hydrogen gas for JIS-SCM435 low alloy steel (Cr-Mo steel) used as stationary storage buffer of a hydrogen refuelling station with 0.2% proof strength and ultimate tensile strength equal to 772 MPa and 948 MPa respectively. Thresholds for crack arrest under constant disp Read More
Development of Hydrogen Behavior Simulation Code System
Oct 2015
Publication
In the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (NPS) accident hydrogen generated by oxidation reaction of the cladding and water etc. was leaked into the NPS building and finally led to occurrence of hydrogen explosion in the building. This resulted in serious damage to the environment. To improve the safety performance of the NPS especially on the hydrogen safety under severe accident conditions a simulation code system has been developed to anal Read More
Evaluating Uncertainty in Accident Rate Estimation at Hydrogen Refueling Station Using Time Correlation Model
Nov 2018
Publication
Hydrogen as a future energy carrier is receiving a significant amount of attention in Japan. From the viewpoint of safety risk evaluation is required in order to increase the number of hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs) implemented in Japan. Collecting data about accidents in the past will provide a hint to understand the trend in the possibility of accidents occurrence by identifying its operation time However in new technology; accident rate estimati Read More
Effectiveness of a Blower in Reducing the Hazard of Hydrogen Leaking from a Hydrogen-fueled Vehicle
Sep 2013
Publication
To handle a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) safely after its involvement in an accident it is necessary to provide appropriate emergency response information to the first responder. In the present study a forced wind of 10 m/s or faster with and without a duct was applied to a vehicle leaking hydrogen gas at a rate of 2000 NL/min. Then hydrogen concentrations were measured around the vehicle and an ignition test was conducted to evaluate th Read More
A GIS-based Risk Assessment for Hydrogen Transport: A Case Study in Yokohama City
Sep 2019
Publication
Risk assessment of hazardous material transport by road is critical in considering the spatial features of the transport route. However previous studies that focused on hydrogen transport were unable to reflect the spatial features in their risk assessments. Hence this study aims to assess the risk of hydrogen transport by road considering the spatial features of the transport route based on a geographic information system (GIS). This risk assessment me Read More
Fundamental Study on Accidental Explosion Behavior of Hydrogen/Air Mixtures in Open Space
Sep 2011
Publication
In this study the flame propagation behavior and the intensity of blast wave by an accidental explosion of a hydrogen/air mixture in an open space have been measured simultaneously by using soap bubble method. The results show that the flame in lean hydrogen/air mixtures propagated with a wrinkled flame by spontaneous instability. The flame in rich hydrogen/air mixtures propagated smoothly in the early stage and was intensively wrinkled and accelera Read More
Numerical Investigation on the Dispersion of Hydrogen Leaking from a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle in Seaborne Transportation
Oct 2015
Publication
The International Maritime Organization under the United Nations has developed safety requirements for seaborne transportation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in consideration of a recent increase in such transportation. Japan has led the development of new regulations in the light of some research outcomes including numerical simulations on hydrogen dispersion in a cargo space of a vehicle carrier in case of accidental leakage of hydrogen f Read More
Simple Hydrogen Gas Production Method Using Waste Silicon
Jan 2022
Publication
We investigated a simple and safe method for producing hydrogen using Si powder which is discarded in the semiconductor industry. Using the reaction of generating hydrogen from Si powder and an aqueous NaOH solution a simple hydrogen generator that imitated Kipp’s apparatus was produced. Then by combining this apparatus with a polymer electrolyte fuel cell an automatic hydrogen generation system based on the amount of electric power re Read More
The Strategic Road Map for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Industry-academia-government Action Plan to Realize a “Hydrogen Society”
Mar 2019
Publication
The fourth Strategic Energy Plan adopted in April 2014 stated ""a road map toward realization of a “hydrogen society” will be formulated and a council which comprises representatives of industry academia and government and which is responsible for its implementation will steadily implement necessary measures while progress is checked". Then the Council for a Strategy for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells which was held in June in the same year as a conference o Read More
Blast Wave from Bursting Enclosure with Internal Hydrogen-air Deflagration
Oct 2015
Publication
Most studies on blast waves generated by gas explosions have focused on gas explosions occurring in open spaces. However accidental gas explosions often occur in confined spaces and the blast wave generates from a bursting vessel as a result of an increase in pressure caused by the gas explosion. In this study blast waves from bursting plastic vessels in which gas explosions occurred are investigated. The flammable mixtures used in the experiments wer Read More
An Experimental Study on Mechanism of Self-ignition of High-pressure Hydrogen
Oct 2015
Publication
In the present study the self-ignition of high-pressure hydrogen released in atmospheric air through a diaphragm is visualized under various test conditions. The experimental results indicate that the hydrogen that jets through the rupturing diaphragm is mixed with the heated air near the tube wall. The self-ignition event originated from this mixing. The self-ignition was strongly dependent on the strength of an incident shock wave generated at the dia Read More
Low-carbon Energy Transition With the Sun and Forest: Solar-driven Hydrogen Production from Biomass
Nov 2021
Publication
There is a need to derive hydrogen from renewable sources and the innovative stewardship of two natural resources namely the Sun and forest could provide a new pathway. This paper provides the first comparative analysis of solar-driven hydrogen production from environmental angles. A novel hydrogen production process proposed in this paper named Solar-Driven Advanced Biomass Indirect-Gasification (SABI-Hydrogen) shows promise toward ac Read More
In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study on Water Formation Reaction of Palladium Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts
Oct 2015
Publication
Proper management of hydrogen gas is very important for safety security of nuclear power plants. Hydrogen removal by water formation reaction on a catalyst is one of the candidates for creating hydrogen free system. We observed in situ and time-resolved structure change of palladium metal nanoparticle catalyst during the water formation reaction by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique. A poisoning effect by carbon monoxide on catalyti Read More
Dependency of Equivalence Ratio on Hydrogen Cylindrical Detonation Induced by Direct Initiation
Sep 2011
Publication
A hydrogen fuel is expected to expand its demand in the future. However hydrogen has to be treated with enough caution because of wide combustible conditions and easiness to ignite. Detonation accidents are caused in hydrogen gas such as the explosion accident in Fukushima first nuclear plant (2011). Therefore it is necessary to comprehend initiation conditions of detonation to prevent its detonation explosion. In the present study cylindrical det Read More
Influence of Pressure and Temperature on the Fatigue Strength of Type-3 Compressed-hydrogen Tanks
Sep 2011
Publication
The pressure of compressed hydrogen changes with temperature when mass and volume are constant. Therefore when a compressed-hydrogen tank is filled with a certain amount of hydrogen it is necessary to adjust the filling pressure according to the gas temperature. In this study we conducted hydraulic pressure-cycle tests to investigate the fatigue life of Type-3 compressed-hydrogen tanks when environmental temperature and filling pressure are Read More
Attained Temperature During Gas Fuelling and Defueling Cycles of Compressed Hydrogen Tanks for FCV
Sep 2011
Publication
In this study we conducted hydrogen gas filling and discharging cycling tests to examine the thermal behaviour in hydrogen storage tanks under actual use conditions. As a result it was confirmed that the gas temperature in the tank varied depending on the initial test conditions such as the ambient temperature of the tank and the filling gas temperature and that the gas temperature tended to stabilize after several gas filling and discharging cycles.
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