United Kingdom
Annual Science Review 2018
Mar 2018
Publication
THIS ANNUAL SCIENCE Review showcases the high quality of science evidence and analysis that underpins HSE’s risk-based regulatory regime. To be an effective regulator HSE has to balance its approaches to informing directing advising and enforcing through a variety of activities. For this we need capacity to advance knowledge; to develop and use robust evidence and analysis; to challenge thinking; and to review effectiveness.In simple terms policy Read More
Hydrogen Odorant and Leak Detection: Part 1, Hydrogen Odorant - Project Closure Report
Nov 2020
Publication
This work programme was focused on identifying a suitable odorant for use in a 100% hydrogen gas grid (domestic use such as boilers and cookers). The research involved a review of existing odorants (used primarily for natural gas) and the selection of five suitable odorants based on available literature. One odorant was selected based on possible suitability with a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) based fuel cell vehicle which could in future be a po Read More
New Paradigms in Hydrogen Explosion Modelling Using an Industrial CFD Code
Sep 2019
Publication
It is well-known that deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) may be a significant threat for hydrogen explosions. This paper presents a summary of the work carried out for the development of models in order to enable the industrial computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tool FLACS to provide indications about the possibility of a deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). The likelihood of DDT has been expressed in terms of spatial pressure gradients acr Read More
A Critical Time for UK Energy Policy What Must be Done Now to Deliver the UK’s Future Energy System: A Report for the Council for Science and Technology
Oct 2015
Publication
Time is rapidly running out to make the crucial planning decisions and secure investment to keep the UK on track to deliver a reliable affordable and decarbonised energy system to meet future emissions regulation enshrined in the 2008 Climate Change Act according to a report published today by the Royal Academy of Engineering.Prepared for the Prime Minister's Council for Science and Technology A critical time for UK energy policy details the Read More
Mechanisms of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steels: Discussion
Jun 2017
Publication
This discussion session interrogated the current understanding of hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms in steels. This article is a transcription of the recorded discussion of ‘Hydrogen in steels’ at the Royal Society Scientific Discussion Meeting ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’ 16–18 January 2017.The text is approved by the contributors. E.L.S. transcribed the session. M.P. assisted in the preparation of the manuscriptLink to document download on Roy Read More
Probability of Occurrence of ISO 14687-2 Contaminants in Hydrogen: Principles and Examples from Steam Methane Reforming and Electrolysis (Water and Chlor-alkali) Production Processes Model
Apr 2018
Publication
According to European Directive 2014/94/EU hydrogen providers have the responsibility to prove that their hydrogen is of suitable quality for fuel cell vehicles. Contaminants may originate from hydrogen production transportation refuelling station or maintenance operation. This study investigated the probability of presence of the 13 gaseous contaminants (ISO 14687-2) in hydrogen on 3 production processes: steam methane reforming (SMR) p Read More
Disrupting the UK energy system: Causes, Impacts and Policy Implications
Jun 2019
Publication
With government legislating for net-zero by 2050 what does this mean for UK energy markets and business models?Getting to net-zero will require economy-wide changes that extend well beyond the energy system leading to rapid and unprecedented change in all aspects of society.This report shines a light on the level of disruption that could be required by some sectors to meet net-zero targets. With many businesses making strong commitments to a net-z Read More
Hydrogen - Decarbonising Heat
Feb 2020
Publication
Our industry is beginning its journey on the transition to providing the world with sufficient sustainable affordable and low emission energy.Decarbonisation is now a key priority. Steps range from reducing emissions from traditional oil and gas operations to investing in renewable energy and supplementing natural gas supplies with greener gasses such as hydrogen.This paper looks at the role hydrogen could play in decarbonisation.
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Annual Science Review 2019
Mar 2019
Publication
Having a robust evidence base enables us to tackle real issues causing pain and suffering in the workplace. Critically it enables us to better understand developing issues and ways of working to ensure that we support innovation rather than stifle it through lack of knowledge. For example the work on the use of 3D printers in schools demonstrates HSE’s bility to engage and understand the risks to encourage safe innovation in a developing area (see p47 Read More
The Clean Growth Strategy: Leading the Way to a Low Carbon Future
Oct 2017
Publication
Seizing the clean growth opportunity. The move to cleaner economic growth is one of the greatest industrial opportunities of our time. This Strategy will ensure Britain is ready to seize that opportunity. Our modern Industrial Strategy is about increasing the earning power of people in every part of the country. We need to do that while not just protecting but improving the environment on which our economic success depends. In short we need higher gro Read More
The Sixth Carbon Budget: The UK's Path to Net Zero
Dec 2020
Publication
The Sixth Carbon Budget report is based on an extensive programme of analysis consultation and consideration by the Committee and its staff building on the evidence published last year for our Net Zero advice. In support of the advice in this report we have also produced:A Methodology Report setting out the evidence and methodology behind the scenarios.A Policy Report setting out the changes to policy that could drive the changes necessary particula Read More
Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy
Mar 2021
Publication
The UK is a world leader in the fight against climate change. In 2019 we became the first major economy in the world to pass laws to end its contribution to global warming by 2050. Reaching this target will require extensive systematic change across all sectors including industry. We must get this change right as the products made by industry are vital to life in the UK and the sector supports local economies across the country.This strategy covers the full ra Read More
Indoor Use of Hydrogen, Knowledge Gaps and Priorities for the Improvement of Current Standards on Hydrogen, a Presentation of HyIndoor European Project
Sep 2013
Publication
To develop safety strategies for the use of hydrogen indoors the HyIndoor project is studying the behaviour of a hydrogen release deflagration or non-premixed flame in an enclosed space such as a fuel cell or its cabinet a room or a warehouse. The paper proposes a safety approach based on safety objectives that can be used to take various scenarios of hydrogen leaks into account for the safe design of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell (HFC) early mar Read More
Simulation of Thermal Radiation from Hydrogen Under-expanded Jet Fire
Sep 2017
Publication
Thermal hazards from an under-expanded (900 bar) hydrogen jet fire have been numerically investigated. The simulation results have been compared with the flame length and radiative heat flux measured for the horizontal jet fire experiment conducted at INERIS. The release blowdown characteristics have been modelled using the volumetric source as an expanded implementation of the notional nozzle concept. The CFD study employs the realizable Read More
Predicting Radiative Characteristics of Hydrogen and Hythane Jet Fires Using Firefoam
Sep 2013
Publication
A possible consequence of pressurized hydrogen release is an under-expanded jet fire. Knowledge of the flame length radiative heat flux and fraction as well as the effects of variations in ground reflectance is important for safety assessment. The present study applies an open source CFD code FireFOAM to study the radiation characteristics of hydrogen and hydrogen/methane jet fires. For combustion the eddy dissipation concept for multi-component fuels Read More
Gas Detection of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Blends in the Gas Industry
Sep 2019
Publication
A key element in the safe operation of a modern gas distribution system is gas detection. The addition of hydrogen to natural gas will alter the characteristics of the fuel and therefore its impact on gas detection must be considered. It is important that gas detectors remain sufficiently sensitive to the presence of hydrogen and natural gas mixtures and that they do not lead to false readings. This paper presents analyses of work performed as part of the Offi Read More
Materials Aspects Associated with the Addition of up to 20 mol% Hydrogen into an Existing Natural Gas Distribution Network
Sep 2019
Publication
The introduction of hydrogen into the UK natural gas main has been reviewed in terms of how materials within the gas distribution network may be affected by contact with up to 80% Natural Gas : 20 mol% hydrogen blend at up to 2 barg. A range of metallic polymeric and elastomeric materials in the gas distribution network (GDN) were assessed via a combination of literature review and targeted practical test programmes.The work considered:The Read More
Cyclic Voltammetry of a Cobaloxime Catalyst
Jul 2019
Publication
Cyclic Voltammetry Measurements performed on a Cobaloxime Catalyst designed for photochemical hydrogen production.
Modelling and Simulation of Lean Hydrogen-air Deflagrations
Sep 2013
Publication
The paper describes CFD modelling of lean hydrogen mixture deflagrations. Large eddy simulation (LES) premixed combustion model developed at the University of Ulster to account phenomena related to large-scale deflagrations was adjusted specifically for lean hydrogen-air flames. Experiments by Kumar (2006) on lean hydrogen-air mixture deflagrations in a 120 m3 vessel at initially quiescent conditions were simulated. 10% by volume hydrogen-ai Read More
Enabling Efficient Networks For Low Carbon Futures: Options for Governance and Regulation
Sep 2015
Publication
This report summarises key themes emerging from the Energy Technologies Institute’s (ETI) project ‘Enabling efficient networks for low carbon futures’. The project aimed to explore the options for reforming the governance and regulatory arrangements to enable major changes to and investment in the UK’s energy network infrastructures. ETI commissioned four expert perspectives on the challenges and options facing the UK.
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