United Kingdom

Preliminary research suggests domestic carbon monoxide detectors with an electrochemical sensor are approximately 10 -20% sensitive to hydrogen atmospheres in their factory configuration. That is the display on a carbon monoxide detector would give a carbon monoxide reading of approximately 10-20% of the concentration of hydrogen it is exposed to. Current British standards require detectors to sound an alarm within three minutes when s Read More

Electrochemical energy storage is a key enabling technology for further integration of renewables sources. Redox flow batteries(RFBs) are promising candidates for such applications as a result of their durability efficiency and fast response. However deployment of existing RFBs is hindered by the relatively high cost of the (typically vanadium-based) electrolyte. Manganese is an earth-abundant and inexpensive element that is widely used in disposable Read More

The Hy4Heat Safety Assessment has focused on assessing the safe use of hydrogen gas in certain types of domestic properties and buildings. The summary reports (the Precis and the Safety Assessment Conclusions Report) bring together all the findings of the work and should be looked to for context by all readers. The technical reports should be read in conjunction with the summary reports. While the summary reports are made as accessible as pos Read More

The investigation of the various heat management concepts using LH2 requires the development of a modeling environment coupling the cryogenic hydrogen fuel system with turbofan performance. This paper presents a numerical framework to model hydrogen-fueled gas turbine engines with a dedicated heat-management system complemented by an introductory analysis of the impact of using LH2 to precool and intercool in the compre Read More

This statutory report provides a comprehensive overview of the UK Government’s progress to date in reducing emissions. It is accompanied by a new Monitoring Framework which details the CCC’s updated approach to tracking real-world progress through a host of new indicators.This is a pivotal point in the UK’s journey to Net Zero. The UK is one of the few countries with emissions targets in line with the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agree Read More

The European Marine Energy Centre’s (EMEC) ITEG project (Integrating Tidal Energy into the European Grid) funded by Interreg NWE combines a tidal energy and hydrogen production solution to address grid constraints on the island of Eday in Orkney. The project will install a 0.5MW electrolyser at EMEC’s existing hydrogen production plant. EMEC and Risktec collaboratively applied best practice risk assessment and management techniques to assess and ma Read More

The Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard sets a maximum threshold for the amount of greenhouse gas emissions allowed in the production process for hydrogen to be considered ‘low carbon hydrogen’. Compliance with the standard will help ensure new low carbon hydrogen production makes a direct contribution to our carbon reduction targets.This guidance sets out the methodology for calculating the emissions associated with hydrogen production and the st Read More

A global transition to hydrogen fuel offers major opportunities to decarbonise a range of different energyintensive sectors from large-scale electricity generation through to heating in homes. Hydrogen can be deployed as an energy source in two distinct ways in electrochemical fuel cells and via combustion. Combustion seems likely to be a major pathway given that it requires only incremental technological change. The use of hydrogen is Read More

Across Europe permitted blend levels of hydrogen blending into the gas grid are appreciably higher than that currently permitted in the UK up to 12% mol/mol compared with 0.1% mol/mol. Whilst there is some routine blending undertaking – typically power to gas applications three major projects have been undertaken to demonstrate operation of a gas distribution network at higher blend levels of hydrogen.A Dutch project was completed in 2011 whic Read More

This report presents the findings of the initial gap analysis and technical review of IGEM/SR/25 undertaken as a collaborative effort between HSE and DNV GL. The review is intended to help understand the steps which would be involved in updating the standard to include data appropriate for installations using H2 or an H2/NG blend. Furthermore the report highlights where additional research and updated data applicable to H2 installations is needed to enable Read More

The HyDeploy project [1] has undertaken an extensive research programme to assess safety and performance of the existing UK gas appliances population fueled with natural gas / hydrogen admixtures (hydrogen blended gas). The first stage of this work [2] focused on well maintained and normally functioning appliances. This work demonstrated that unmodified gas appliances can operate safely with hydrogen blended gas (up to 20 vol% hydrogen) and t Read More

Written by Arup in collaboration with the GIIA this report is centred on the opinions of investors from around the world gathered through a survey of GIIA members and in-depth interviews. It therefore presents the sentiments of the world’s leading fund managers insurance investors pension funds and a sovereign wealth fund. Their opinions matter because these are the decision makers that hold the purse strings when it comes to private sector in Read More

With the decarbonization and electrification of modern railway transportation the demand for both the highcapacity electrical energy and hydrogen fuel energy is increasingly high. A novel scheme was proposed from liquid hydrogen production by surplus wind and solar energy to liquid hydrogen-electricity hybrid energy transmission for railway transportation. The 100 MW hybrid energy transmission pipeline was designed with the 10 kA/1.5 kV superc Read More

On this weeks episode the team are talking all things hydrogen in the Orkneys with Adele Lidderdale (Hydrogen Officer for Orkney Island Council) and Jon Clipsham (Hydrogen Manager EMEC). While the islands are best known for their exceptional wildlife whisky and cruise ships the Orkney islands have also emerged as a hub for the green hydrogen economy. Working alongside local government community groups research agencies and private secto Read More

Liquid hydrogen may have an important role in the storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. It may also provide the best option for some users of hydrogen energy notably the aviation sector. In the 1960’s liquid hydrogen spillages in open uncongested conditions sometimes produced violent condensed phase explosions as well as the familiar gas phase flash and sustained pool fire. Testing showed that burning mixtures of LH2 and solid oxygen/nitr Read More

The project has successfully developed the safety case and delivered a hydrogen blend via the gas network into customers’ homes. The demonstration of safety for the specific network was based on robust evidence and clear operational procedures. Alongside the enabling safety case the HyDeploy project has demonstrated the first steps of hydrogen deployment are safe technically feasible and non-disruptive both for the network and domestic users.Th Read More

A multi-objective optimisation model based on mixed integer linear programming is presented that can simultaneously determine the design and operation of any integrated multi-vector energy networks. It can answer variants of the following questions: What is the most effective way in terms of cost value/profit and/or emissions of designing and operating the integrated multi-vector energy networks that utilise a variety of primary energy sources to delive Read More

This report has been prepared for Hytechnical work programme to support the technical strategy for repurposing existing transmission pipelines and installations for the transportation and distribution of hydrogen and natural gas / hydrogen blends. The aim of the Hytechnical work programme is to support the implementation of the IGEM supplements to the standards TD/1 TD/13 TD/3 and TD/4.The report covers a desk study into the requirements for Read More

In order to inform the Quantified Risk Assessment (QRA) and procedures for the Winlaton trial the HyDeploy 2 project has undertaken a second programme of work focused on assessing the safe operation of gas appliances with hydrogen blended gas. This work extends the initial programme of work undertaken in HyDeploy 1 in 2018. Collectively these two projects provide an evidence base to support the project objective to demonstrate that there are no ov Read More

Technology roadmaps are increasingly used by governments to inform and promote technological transitions such as a transition to a hydrogen energy system. This paper develops a framework for understanding how current roadmapping practice relates to emerging theories of the governance of systems innovation. In applying this framework to a case study of hydrogen roadmaps the paper finds that roadmapping for transitions needs to place gre Read More

The Hy4Heat Safety Assessment has focused on assessing the safe use of hydrogen gas in certain types of domestic properties and buildings. The summary reports (the Precis and the Safety Assessment Conclusions Report) bring together all the findings of the work and should be looked to for context by all readers. The technical reports should be read in conjunction with the summary reports. While the summary reports are made as accessible as pos Read More

Exemption is requested by Northern Gas Networks Ltd (NGN) from the obligation set out in Regulation 8(1) of the Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996 (GSMR) to convey only natural gas that is compliant with the Interchangeability requirements of Part I of Schedule 3 of the GSMR within a section of the NGN gas distribution network near Winlaton (the “field trial area”). The field trial area is owned and operated by Northern Gas Networks Ltd. The propo Read More

Electrical energy storage (EES) such as lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries can reduce curtailment of renewables maximizing renewable utilization by storing surplus electricity. Several techno-economic analyses have been performed on EES but few have investigated the financial performance. This paper presents a state-of-the-art financial model obtaining novel and significative financial and economics results when applied to Li-ion EES. This work is a significant ste Read More

The need to reduce the climate impact of the transport sector has led to an increasing interest in the utilisation of alternative fuels. Producing advanced fuels through the integration of anaerobic digestion and power-to-fuel technologies may offer a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from difficult to decarbonise modes of transport such as heavy goods vehicles shipping and commercial aviation while also offering wider system benefits. This pa Read More

Although electricity supply is still dominated by fossil fuels it is expected that renewable sources will have a much larger contribution in the future due to the need to mitigate climate change. Therefore this paper presents a new framework for developing Future Electricity Scenarios (FuturES) with high penetration of renewables. A multi-period linear programming model has been created for power-system expansion planning. This has been coupled with an e Read More