Denmark
Discrete Event Simulation in Support to Hydrogen Supply Reliability
Sep 2009
Publication
Discrete Event Simulation (DES) environments are rapidly developing and they appear to be promising tools for developing reliability and risk analysis models of safety-critical systems. DES models are an alternative to the conventional methods such as fault and event trees Bayesian networks and cause-consequence diagrams that could be used to assess the reliability of fuel supply. DES models can rather easily account for the dynamic dimension Read More
A Barrier Analysis of a Generic Hydrogen Refuelling Station
Sep 2009
Publication
Any technical installation need appropriate safety barriers installed to prevent or mitigate any adverse effects concerning people property and environment. In this context a safety barrier is a series of elements each consisting of a technical system or human action that implement a planned barrier function to prevent control or mitigate the propagation of a condition or event into an undesired condition or event. This is also important for new technologie Read More
Complex Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen, Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage
Oct 2017
Publication
Hydrogen has a very diverse chemistry and reacts with most other elements to form compounds which have fascinating structures compositions and properties. Complex metal hydrides are a rapidly expanding class of materials approaching multi-functionality in particular within the energy storage field. This review illustrates that complex metal hydrides may store hydrogen in the solid state act as novel battery materials both as electrolytes and el Read More
International Association for Hydrogen Safety ‘Research Priorities Workshop’, September 2018, Buxton, UK
Sep 2018
Publication
Hydrogen has the potential to be used by many countries as part of decarbonising the future energy system. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel ‘vector’ to store and transport energy produced in low-carbon ways. This could be particularly important in applications such as heating and transport where other solutions for low and zero carbon emission are difficult. To enable the safe uptake of hydrogen technologies it is important to develop the international scien Read More
The Impact of Hydrogen Admixture into Natural Gas on Residential and Commercial Gas Appliances
Jan 2022
Publication
Hydrogen as a carbon-free fuel is commonly expected to play a major role in future energy supply e.g. as an admixture gas in natural gas grids. Which impacts on residential and commercial gas appliances can be expected due to the significantly different physical and chemical properties of hydrogen-enriched natural gas? This paper analyses and discusses blends of hydrogen and natural gas from the perspective of combustion science. The ad Read More
The Role of Lock-in Mechanisms in Transition Processes: The Case of Energy for Road Transport
Jul 2015
Publication
This paper revisits the theoretical concepts of lock-in mechanisms to analyse transition processes in energy production and road transportation in the Nordic countries focussing on three technology platforms: advanced biofuels e-mobility and hydrogen and fuel cell electrical vehicles. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of case studies.The main lock-in mechanisms analysed are learning effects economies of scale economies of scope network Read More
Hydrogen-fueled Car Fire Spread to Adjacent Vehicles in Car Parks
Sep 2019
Publication
Car park fires are known to be dangerous due to the risk of fast fire spread from one car to another. In general no fatalities are recorded in such fires but they may have a great cost in relation to damaged cars and structural repair. A very recent example is the Liverpool multi-storey car park fire from December 31 2017. It destroyed 1400 cars and parts of the building structure collapsed. This questions the validity of current design praxis of car Read More
Power-to-fuels Via Solid-oxide Electrolyzer: Operating Window and Techno-economics
May 2019
Publication
Power-to-fuel systems via solid-oxide electrolysis are promising for storing excess renewable electricity by efficient electrolysis of steam (or co-electrolysis of steam and CO2) into hydrogen (or syngas) which can be further converted into synthetic fuels with plant-wise thermal integration. Electrolysis stack performance and durability determine the system design performance and long-term operating strategy; thus solid-oxide electrolyzer based powe Read More
Market Segmentation of Domestic and Commercial Natural Gas Appliances
Jan 2021
Publication
The main goal of the project is to enable the wide adoption of H2NG (hydrogen in natural gas) blends by closing knowledge gaps regarding technical impacts on residential and commercial gas appliances. The project consortium will identify and recommend appropriate codes and standards that should be adapted to answer the needs and develop a strategy for addressing the challenges for new and existing appliances.This deliverable on market segmentatio Read More
Balancing Wind-power Fluctuation Via Onsite Storage Under Uncertainty Power-to-hydrogen-to-power Versus Lithium Battery
Oct 2019
Publication
Imbalance costs caused by forecasting errors are considerable for grid-connected wind farms. In order to reduce such costs two onsite storage technologies i.e. power-to-hydrogen-to-power and lithium battery are investigated considering 14 uncertain technological and economic parameters. Probability density distributions of wind forecasting errors and power level are first considered to quantify the imbalance and excess wind power. Then robust optimal Read More
Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production and Consumption in an Isolated Territory
Apr 2018
Publication
Hydrogen produced from renewables works as an energy carrier and as energy storage medium and thus hydrogen can help to overcome the intermittency of typical renewable energy sources. However there is no comprehensive environmental performance study of hydrogen production and consumption. In this study detailed cradle to grave life cycle analyses are performed in an isolated territory. The hydrogen is produced on-site by Polymer Electrolyte M Read More
Materials for Hydrogen-based Energy Storage - Past, Recent Progress and Future Outlook
Dec 2019
Publication
Michael Hirscher,
Volodymyr A. Yartys,
Marcello Baricco,
José Bellosta von Colbe,
Didier Blanchard,
Robert C. Bowman Jr.,
Darren P. Broom,
Craig Buckley,
Fei Chang,
Ping Chen,
Young Whan Cho,
Jean-Claude Crivello,
Fermin Cuevas,
William I. F. David,
Petra E. de Jongh,
Roman V. Denys,
Martin Dornheim,
Michael Felderhoff,
Yaroslav Filinchuk,
George E. Froudakis,
David M. Grant,
Evan MacA. Gray,
Bjørn Christian Hauback,
Teng He,
Terry D. Humphries,
Torben R. Jensen,
Sangryun Kim,
Yoshitsugu Kojima,
Michel Latroche,
Hai-wen Li,
Mykhaylo V. Lototskyy,
Joshua W. Makepeace,
Kasper T. Møller,
Lubna Naheed,
Peter Ngene,
Dag Noreus,
Magnus Moe Nygård,
Shin-ichi Orimo,
Mark Paskevicius,
Luca Pasquini,
Dorthe B. Ravnsbæk,
M. Veronica Sofianos,
Terrence J. Udovic,
Tejs Vegge,
Gavin Walker,
Colin Webb,
Claudia Weidenthaler and
Claudia Zlotea
Globally the accelerating use of renewable energy sources enabled by increased efficiencies and reduced costs and driven by the need to mitigate the effects of climate change has significantly increased research in the areas of renewable energy production storage distribution and end-use. Central to this discussion is the use of hydrogen as a clean efficient energy vector for energy storage. This review by experts of Task 32 “Hydrogen-based Energy Read More
Artificial Neural Network Based Optimization of a Six-step Two-bed Pressure Swing Adsorption System for Hydrogen Purification
Apr 2021
Publication
The pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system is widely applied to separate and purify hydrogen from gaseous mixtures. The extended Langmuir equation fitted from the extended Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm has been used to predict the adsorption isothermal of hydrogen and methane on the zeolite 5A adsorbent bed. A six-step two-bed PSA model for hydrogen purification is developed and validated by comparing its simulation results with other w Read More
At What Cost Can Renewable Hydrogen Offset Fossil Fuel Use in Ireland’s Gas Network?
Apr 2020
Publication
The results of a techno-economic model of distributed wind-hydrogen systems (WHS) located at each existing wind farm on the island of Ireland are presented in this paper. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis from wind energy and backed up by grid electricity compressed before temporarily stored then transported to the nearest injection location on the natural gas network. The model employs a novel correlation-based approach to se Read More
Optimization of Geothermal- and Solar-driven Clean Electricity and Hydrogen Production Multi-generation Systems to Address the Energy Nexus
Jan 2022
Publication
Given the limited sources of fossil fuels mankind should find new ways to meet its energy demands. In this regard geothermal and solar energy are acknowledged as reliable safe promising and clean means for this purpose. In this research study a comparative analysis is applied on geothermal and solar-driven multi-generation systems for clean electricity and hydrogen production through energy and exergy assessments. The system consists of an Read More
Onshore, Offshore or In-turbine Electrolysis? Techno-economic Overview of Alternative Integration Designs for Green Hydrogen Production into Offshore Wind Power Hubs
Aug 2021
Publication
Massive investments in offshore wind power generate significant challenges on how this electricity will be integrated into the incumbent energy systems. In this context green hydrogen produced by offshore wind emerges as a promising solution to remove barriers towards a carbon-free economy in Europe and beyond. Motivated by the recent developments in Denmark with the decision to construct the world’s first artificial Offshore Energy Hub this paper Read More
Hydrogen-based Systems for Integration of Renewable Energy in Power Systems: Achievements and Perspectives
Jul 2021
Publication
This paper is a critical review of selected real-world energy storage systems based on hydrogen ranging from lab-scale systems to full-scale systems in continuous operation. 15 projects are presented with a critical overview of their concept and performance. A review of research related to power electronics control systems and energy management strategies has been added to integrate the findings with outlooks usually described in separate literatur Read More
A Modeling Study of Lifetime and Performance Improvements of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Reversed Pulse Operation
Jan 2022
Publication
Chromium poisoning of the air electrode is a primary degradation mechanism for solid oxide cells (SOCs) operating under fuel cell mode. Recent experimental findings show that reversed pulse operation for SOCs operated as electrolyser cells can reverse this degradation and extend the lifetime. Here we use a multiphysics model of an SOC to investigate the effects of reversed pulse operation for alleviating chromium poisoning of the air electro Read More
Optimal Scheduling of a Hydrogen-Based Energy Hub Considering a Stochastic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach
Jan 2023
Publication
Nowadays the integration of multi-energy carriers is one of the most critical matters in smart energy systems with the aim of meeting sustainable energy development indicators. Hydrogen is referred to as one of the main energy carriers in the future energy industry but its integration into the energy system faces different open challenges which have not yet been comprehensively studied. In this paper a novel day-ahead scheduling is presented to rea Read More
Life Cycle Assessment Integration into Energy System Models: An Application for Power-to-Methane in the EU
Nov 2019
Publication
As the EU energy system transitions to low carbon the technology choices should consider a broader set of criteria. The use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) prevents burden shift across life cycle stages or impact categories while the use of Energy System Models (ESM) allows evaluating alternative policies capacity evolution and covering all the sectors. This study does an ex-post LCA analysis of results from JRC-EU-TIMES and estimates the environme Read More
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